which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychologykelly services substitute teacher pay orange county

An algorithm is a defined set of step-by-step procedures that provides the correct answer to a particular problem. Why is this? D. drop out of college. Most likely none of us could even come close to answering these questions; however, American actress Marilu Henner, best known for the television show Taxi, can remember. b. Whorf The goal of clustering a set of data is to. Their model of human memory (Figure 8.4), called Atkinson and Shiffrin's model, is based on the belief that we process memories in the same way that a computer processes information. A(n) _____ is a strategy that guarantees a solution to a problem. What did you eat for lunch on April 10, 2009? The use of artificial concepts to define an idea is crucial to communicating with others and engaging in complex thought. Concepts are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences. d. is the latest technology in teaching deaf people to talk. choose the best data from the set. Psychotherapy (Chic). Why or why not? In the United States, children often learn the alphabet through song, and they learn the number of days in each month through rhyme: Thirty days hath September, / April, June, and November; / All the rest have thirty-one, / Save February, with twenty-eight days clear, / And twenty-nine each leap year. These lessons are easy to remember because of acoustic encoding. 30 seconds. D. subgoal. B. You never face the back of the elevator, do you? a. a mental set. Which of the following is a true statement regarding algorithms? Carla is a first-semester freshman at State University. Algorithms consist of a combination of sequences, selections, and/or . Brainstorming is an example of From a language perspective, Jordan is having difficulty with a specific _______. _______ believed that concepts become the "pegs" from which words are "hung." b. B. How do you get that information back out of storage when you need it? _________ includes the ability to be self-motivated, to feel what others feel, and to be socially skilled. The terms short-term and working memory are sometimes used interchangeably, but they are not exactly the same. Baddeley and Hitch (1974) proposed a working memory model in which short-term memory has different forms. c. prototype. B. practical A child with a mental age of 9 and a chronological age of 12 has an IQ of What good is economic theory if it cant When thoughts are formed, the mind synthesizes information from emotions and memories (Figure 7.2). a. IQ is assumed to be normally distributed with a mean IQ of 100 and a typical standard deviation of about: Psychologists would describe Cooper's father's style of parenting as. Question. According to the steps in problem solving, the next step that must be taken by him is to An Algorithm simply refers to the process or the set of rules which are vital in calculations. d. males. c. mental set. B. are slow. c. make sounds; dream more vividly A. rethink and redefine his problem. It involves learning information that you previously learned. Episodic memory is information about events we have personally experienced (i.e., an episode). transformers: power of the primes swoop; mountaingate country club celebrity members; portmore st catherine jamaica; death note boyfriend scenarios when you cuddle Divergent thinking is especially difficult to teach to: In order for a memory to go into storage (i.e., long-term memory), it has to pass through three distinct stages: Sensory Memory, Short-Term Memory, and finally Long-Term Memory. b. syntax. People often form general rules and concepts based on specific experiences and examples. George Miller's classic research showed that the average capacity of short-term is between _____ units of information. B. For example, imagine you meet someone who introduces himself as a firefighter. a. attachment; language It also covers how psychologists compare this approach to other ways to solve problems. The 60 words were actually divided into 4 categories of meaning, although the participants did not know this because the words were randomly presented. B. a. concepts preceded and aided the development of language. c. some sign language and many sounds. Margaret will have difficulty with emotional memories. D. Unlike heuristics, algorithms lead to different answers to a given problem. However, this would be very time-consuming and treatment needs to be implemented quickly. _______ can help us interpret or deal with new information or events that we have never encountered. The highest and most elusive of Maslow's needs is. In some cases, people are better off learning everything . c. Australian children. d. the better that person is at breaking a problem down into component parts for problem solving. d. apple, ________ is the ability to adapt and deal with new problems or challenges the first time you encounter them. Psychology is considered a science and comes from a foundation of chemistry because of its focus on research. A. grasping the deeper meaning of ideas This book uses the Q. Which of the following describes how algorithms are useful? They are used to evaluate the solutions. B. inner motivation D. deductive reasoning. Sternberg's triarchic theory/Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences. Which of the following statements is true of subgoals? which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology. An algorithm, whose characteristics will be discussed later, is a form that embeds the complete logic of the solution. b. actual tasks involving visual perception. Call Today +971 2 4440458 Al-Muror Road, Behind Al-Mushrif Mall, Abu dhabi consent of Rice University. By following the instructions correctly, you are guaranteed to arrive at the right answer. Trial and error is another term for: Various properties of geometric shapes, like squares and triangles, serve as useful examples of artificial concepts. One barrier to innovative problem solving is persisting in using techniques that have been successful in the past, also known as: They are initial goals that put the individual in a better position for reaching a final solution. People are reluctant to give up on a venture because of past investment. D. are beyond the average person's ability to solve, The last step in the problem-solving process is ________. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Imagine all of your thoughts as if they were physical entities, swirling rapidly inside your mind. The concept of episodic memory was first proposed about in the 1970s (Tulving, 1972). Malcom has an IQ of 140. Which of the following is the first step in the problem-solving process? Participants remembered about 80% of the trigrams after a 3-second delay, but only 10% after a delay of 18 seconds, which caused them to conclude that short-term memory decayed in 18 seconds. a. one In this way, concepts touch every aspect of our lives, from our many daily routines to the guiding principles behind the way governments function. B. top-down reasoning. a. During active rehearsal, you repeat (practice) the information to be remembered. The visual processing questions included such things as asking the participants about the font of the letters. Mental images B. providing a single accurate solution to any problem b. a. intelligence. Now its back on your desktop, and you can work with it again. This powerful event schema is informed by your pattern of behavior and the pleasurable stimulation that a phone call or text message gives your brain. Industrial Psychology: Selecting and Evaluating Employees, Organizational Psychology: The Social Dimension of Work, Human Factors Psychology and Workplace Design, Diagnosing and Classifying Psychological Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, Mental Health Treatment: Past and Present, Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders: A Special Case, The Sociocultural Model and Therapy Utilization. a. mental set. Craik and Lockhart (1972) proposed the levels of processing hypothesis that states the deeper you think about something, the better you remember it. (a) Our concept of snow is an example of a natural conceptone that we understand through direct observation and experience. Although individual experiences and expertise can affect concept arrangement, concepts are believed to be arranged hierarchically in the mind (Anderson & Reder, 1999; Johnson & Mervis, 1997, 1998; Palmer, Jones, Hennessy, Unze, & Pick, 1989; Rosch, Mervis, Gray, Johnson, & Boyes-Braem, 1976; Tanaka & Taylor, 1991). 130 D. prototyping. The encoding of words and their meaning is known as semantic encoding. Multiple Choice Q18 Which of the following is an advantage of the use of heuristics? What memory problems is she most likely to have now? Unless the knowledge in short term memory is retained by repetition or other such techniques, it has a very small capacity (7 items +/- 2) and a short period (max 30 seconds). It refers to reasoning from a general principle that individuals know to be true to a specific instance. Which of the following is true of long-term memory? b. emotional intelligence. Think about what you do when you walk into an elevator (Figure 7.4). C. 15 to 20 b. the less successful that person will be in life. c. convergent thinking. Which of the following is usually a trait of creative thinkers? As long as the professor was dressed appropriately, it does not really matter what she was wearing. c. mental sets. Either way, snow is a natural concept because you can construct an understanding of it through direct observations, experiences with snow, or indirect knowledge (such as from films or books) (Figure 7.3). d. 100, ________, which is caused by a defect in a male gene that leads to deficiency in a protein needed for brain development, is a biological cause of intellectual disability. d. trial and error, The ________ involves estimating the likelihood of an event based on how easy it is to recall relevant information from memory. These emotional relationships cannot be reported or recalled but can be associated with different stimuli. D. Egocentrism. You absorb a large quantity of information by listening to and participating in discussions, examining maps, and reading first-hand accounts of peoples lives. An event schema, also known as a cognitive script, is a set of behaviors that can feel like a routine. While schemata allow for more efficient information processing, there can be problems with schemata, regardless of whether they are accurate: Perhaps this particular firefighter is not brave, they just work as a firefighter to pay the bills while studying to become a childrens librarian. a. communicate C. timing bias. Concepts are informed by our semantic memory (you will learn more about semantic memory in a later chapter) and are present in every aspect of our lives; however, one of the easiest places to notice concepts is inside a classroom, where they are discussed explicitly. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? To make this process more complex, the brain does not gather information from external environments only. A. James Lacy, MLS, is a fact-checker and researcher. Which of the following represents the correct chronological sequence of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? Your "aha!" b. d. Prototypes. c. They are what happens when the mind simply reorganizes a problem and comes up with a solution in an "aha!" A(n) _____ is an aroused state that occurs because of a physiological need. C. They strive to evaluate their work subjectively. c. language could help a child learn to control social behavior. In The Bell Curve, Herrnstein and Murray made the unfounded claim that: A semantic network consists of concepts, and as you may recall from what youve learned about memory, concepts are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences. d. different aspects of intelligence. Evaluate solutions B. He has skipped three grades and is a straight A student with superior verbal and mathematical talent. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology. Round the results to three decimal places. The process of taking out unnecessary details from problems. The sentence "The bicycle talked the boy into buying a candy bar" is. There are memories in visual-spatial form, as well as memories of spoken or written material, and they are stored in three short-term systems: a visuospatial sketchpad, an episodic buffer (Baddeley, 2000), and a phonological loop. d. pragmatic, In the brain, creating a mental image is _______ seeing an actual image. Its formal written version is called a program, or code. Industrial Psychology: Selecting and Evaluating Employees, Organizational Psychology: The Social Dimension of Work, Human Factors Psychology and Workplace Design, Diagnosing and Classifying Psychological Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, Mental Health Treatment: Past and Present, Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders: A Special Case, The Sociocultural Model and Therapy Utilization. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? Some years ago, psychologists Fergus Craik and Endel Tulving (1975) conducted a series of experiments to find out. Twin studies by Trzaskowski and others in 2014 report that the heritability of intelligence is found to be as high as ________ percent. A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). When problem-solving, deciding which method to use depends on the need for either accuracy or speed. Read our, Overview of the Problem-Solving Mental Process, The Psychology of Decision-Making Strategies, How to Increase Your Mental Agility With Dr. Elaine Fox, The Formal Operational Stage of Cognitive Development, Learning Styles Based on Jung's Theory of Personality, Daily Tips for a Healthy Mind to Your Inbox, An algorithm for determining use of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy, Fast or frugal, but not both: decision heuristics under time pressure, The method a search engine uses to find information on the internet, Instructions for how to assemble a bicycle, Instructions for how to solve a Rubik's cube. Which of the following is true about overlapping subproblems? C. Even if the heritability of a characteristic is very high, the environment seldom matters. B. a. B. both convergent thinking and divergent thinking. Recall is what we most often think about when we talk about memory retrieval: it means you can access information without cues. D. The availability heuristic, Which of the following describes the trait of a critical thinker? Current research suggests that it is the habit, or event schema, of checking our phones in many different situations that makes refraining from checking them while driving especially difficult (Bayer & Campbell, 2012).

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