why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558kelly services substitute teacher pay orange county

Suitable for the Edexcel GCSE History (9-1) course. Spain did not control a deep water port where the Armada could anchor safely and this left them extremely vulnerable to an attack while it waited for Parmas troops to escape the Dutch blockade. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. I think I'm about to officially choose the Uni im going to but I'm not 100% sur, HELP, Official Imperial College 2023 Undergraduate Applicants Thread, Official Cambridge Postgraduate Applicants 2023 Thread, Plucking Serene Dreams From Golden Trees. Many people did not want a foreigner influencing England policy. Describe two threats posed by Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth in 1568 4. Mary's Catholicism and previous alliance with France increased the threat of a French invasion in support of her, which threatened the stability of Elizabeth's kingdom. France, Spain and Scotland were all Catholic countries in 1558. Sue Gray quits the civil service to become Starmer's aide: is it a big deal? - Financial issues may have led to her loosing powerful allies as she could not give important people grant patronages. With no clear military successes for Dudley, he resigned his post in 1587 and returned to England. The ships that did manage to make the journey back ran short of supplies, and many men died of starvation and disease. The plots were often uncovered due to Elizabeths informants and Walsinghams highly efficient spy network. Their complete failure effectively ended any threat Spain posed to the English. Catholic priests are first smuggled into England. One factor Elizabeth had to face, which was seen as a huge disadvantage, was her gender. Queen Elizabeth had become aware of this plan and in 1587, sent her most successful privateer, Sir Francis Drake, to spy on Spanish preparations and attack their ships and supplies. Her arrival and ultimate house arrest were the result of her having to flee Scotland. This meant two of the most powerful European nations were now united against Protestantism, placing Elizabeth in a precarious position. English exports to Europe were vital to the English economy and reached the European market via the Dutch ports, particularly Antwerp. "The little Queen of Scots is the most perfect child that I have ever seen," King Henry II of France proclaimed soon after meeting his new charge (Mary of Guise had stayed in Scotland to rule . The Netherlands had been part of the Spanish empire since the 1550s. Following Marys death, there were no more major Catholic plots during Elizabeths reign. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation. Register for free, Home / Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the reasons for the increased Catholic threat to Elizabeth I after 1566. Francis Drake is knighted on the Golden Hind. [Blog], Medicine Community Feedback and Suggestions, 2023 entry A100 / A101 Medicine fastest and slowest offer senders, Borders & Enforcement, Immigration Enforcement - Immigration Officer June 22, Official University of the Arts London 2023 Applicants Thread. English ships departed from Plymouth to meet the Armada. John White led another group to Roanoke, 3 years after the attempt to colonise it. When Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558, she inherited a difficult financial situation and a debt of 227,000. The Northern Earls were unhappy and rebelled for several reasons: The Revolt of the Northern Earls was arguably the most serious rebellion during Elizabeths reign and presented a threat for a number of reasons: During the 1570s and 1580s, there were several plots by Catholics to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. Elizabeth therefore committed actions that helped undermine the Spanish whilst ensuring England did not become fully embroiled in the conflict. Foreign Affairs. Elizabeth had taken the decision to arrest any Catholic bishops that did not accept her authority as sovereign over them. William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, Burghley also spelled Burleigh, also called (1551-71) Sir William Cecil, (born Sept. 13, 1520, Bourne, Lincolnshire, Eng.died Aug. 5, 1598, London), principal adviser to England's Queen Elizabeth I through most of her reign. In 1571, he developed a plot to overthrow Elizabeth using his Catholic contacts in England and Europe. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Mary served as a permanent reminder at home and abroad that there was a legitimate Catholic heir to the throne and, with the Popes blessing, willing Catholic rebels could convince themselves they were doing Gods work. For example, from 1567, Elizabeth allowed the Dutch sea beggars to shelter in English harbours (from where they then attacked Spanish ships in the English Channel who were making their way with men and materiel to support Albas mission). Oct 12, 2019 83 Dislike Podpast 106 subscribers Recap and review of the problems Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. However, it should be noted that one reason for the eventual crushing of the revolt is because the vast majority of Catholics in the north stayed loyal to Elizabeth and did not revolt, suggesting that Elizabeth did not face a threat from all Catholics within England, but enough of a threat to be permanently suspicious. In Europe, the 1570s saw some of the worst atrocities of the protracted fall-out of the Reformation. These ensured the plots were uncovered before they could be fully developed. With the Popes blessing, foreign Catholic priests were smuggled into England with the sole purpose of continuing recusancy amongst the English Catholics and undermining the influence of Protestantism. This increased tension between England and Spain. 214 High Street, The news of the rebellion caused widespread. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th point + evidence. Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Sir Francis Drake and the raid on Cadiz: `Singeing the King of Spains beard. All Catholic priests are ordered to leave the country. Also, the activities of English pirates', who looted Spanish ships, caused problems between Spain and England. The northern nobles felt Elizabeths advisors were responsible for many of these policy changes. Spain and France were also involved in these plots and so there was always the danger of a foriegn invasion. From there we will look at the career . The negotiations dragged on for four years with Elizabeth never giving a firm answer and Charles refusing to give up his Catholic faith. The aim was to rid France of heresy (Protestantism). On November 1569, the Earls managed to capture Durham and proceeded to celebrate Catholic Mass in the Cathedral before marching south in the direction of Tutbury, Derbyshire where Mary was imprisoned. These problems included Gender, Religion, Finance and Foreign policy. There was a very real risk that he could form an alliance with other Catholic powers such as France and Spain and invade England. Good explanation and link back to the question here at the end of the paragraph.]. LS23 6AD Insolvency therefore limited the choices of the new Queen and instantly undermined her power. [Clear link back to the question at the end of the paragraph here.]. Stimulus = Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England / The sea beggars, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. Edward was born on 12 October 1537 in his mother's room inside Hampton Court Palace, in Middlesex. The English were worried about the threat of invasion and they attacked the Spanish ships as they sailed along the Channel, but the Armada was so strong that most of the ships reached Calais safely. [The conclusion establishes relative importance and explains why one factor was more important than another.]. Elizabeth was eager to nullify the threat of the Auld Alliance (Scotland and France), which had been further reinforced by the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and French King Francis II. Financial Weakness She was 300,000 in debt. [This last point is important and often students dont embrace the anomalies for fear that it will undermine their argument. The Spanish plan to meet the Duke of Parma at Dunkirk was seriously flawed. The threat posed by the pretenders Perkin Warbeck and Lambert Simnel. The leading figure involved in the plot was Francis Throckmorton, a young Catholic man who carried messages between Mary and Catholic conspirators abroad. He even came to England to meet Elizabeth and she even announced before some of her courtiers that she would marry him. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Queen Elizabeth showed no mercy to the rebels and the Earl of Northumberland along with 400 rebel troops were executed while the Earl of Westmorland fled abroad. France was at war with England and Spain. Marys clear awareness and support of the Babington plot led to her being sentenced to death in October 1586. One reason Dudley failed was that he wasnt a talented general or tactician. (4 marks) According to many people at the time Mary Queen of Scots had a stronger claim to the . However, she was fearful of the presence of Spain in the Netherlands, who were busy putting down the Dutch Revolt from 1566 under the command of the Duke of Alba. By 1572 Protestant ideas had spread in the Netherlands and Protestant Dutch rebels began a campaign for independence from Catholic Spain, leading to the Dutch Revolt. Calais was a French port which the English had occupied and was responsible for 80% of wool exports. In 1558, the same year Elizabeth became Queen of England, a number of There were fewer naval ships anchored there and the port was the centre for a large number of naval supplies which Drake intended to either seize or destroy. Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. Elizabeth had reinstated Protestantism as the official religion of England when she inherited the throne, but that did not mean that there were not still Catholics residing in the country. - death of henry II. (*fragmentary*). English sailors land at Roanoke to find it abandoned. This was important because it demonstrated the strength of Catholic feeling within England and highlighted how Elizabeth, after 11 years, was still vulnerable to English Catholics. Elizabeth chose to give direct help to the rebels by signing the Treaty of Nonsuch, which placed the Netherlands under her protection and promised military help. Over 100,000 of this was owed to the Antwerp Exchange who charged an interest rate of 14%. JPs provided the able-bodied with raw materials (like wool) to make items to sell. She was able to fight off illness, rebellions . The Catholic threat Many Catholics in England were not happy with Elizabeth's Settlement. The Council was controlled by southern Protestants and this caused resentment by the northern nobles. The invasion failed, however. However, the Dutch had always governed themselves. Spain had become a great military power as Phillip ruled Spain, the Netherlands and parts of Italy. Spain and France were the major European powers. The Duke of Medina Sidonia sailed up the Channel and anchored at Calais while waiting for reinforcements from the Duke of Parmas troops. Why was the threat of invasion Elizabeth's biggest problem in 1558? No Payment details required and completelyRisk Free. Thereafter, up to 11,000 English Catholics were either arrested or placed under surveillance. - large religious threat as shows the chance of invasion increased due to the fact Spain and France could unite together against England. West Yorkshire, He chose to sail around Scotland and Ireland which presented a dangerous route which the Spanish sailors were unfamiliar with. Answer:Despite initially being a threat to England, civil war in France from 1562 meant the French monarchs were too preoccupied with home affairs to pose a thr eye27 eye27 11.05.2020 The plot was uncovered whilst Ridolfi was abroad (he never returned). Explain why Elizabeth faced many problems upon ascending to the throne in 1558 . threats did Elizabeth face in 1558? The relative strength of France and weakness of England was further compounded by the fact that Elizabeth had to recognize the loss of Calais to France under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559, following a disastrous English military campaign under the reign of Elizabeth's predecessor, Mary I. Calais had been in English hands since 1347. Official Thread: (Undergraduate) Medicine 2023 Entry, St George's University of London (SGUL) A101 2023 Entry. Cecil was a master of Renaissance statecraft, whose talents as a diplomat, politician, and administrator won him high office and . Drake knew he wasnt able to attack this port with any realistic hope of success. At the beginning of her reign, an obvious candidate for Elizabeth to marry was her half sister's widow, Phillip of Spain. During the 1570s, England was starting to have ambitions of establishing an empire of its own and had hoped to become an imperial power that could rival Spain. Company Reg no: 04489574. Mary, Queen of Scots had been linked to Catholic plots before, but Elizabeth had always been reluctant to take any action against her. The conspirators including Babington were all. In 1565 the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire proposed that Elizabeth marry Archduke Charles of Austria. . Protestants (notably John Knox) initially claimed female rule was unnatural or monstrous, while Roman Catholics judged . Most of the new ships were being built in the deepwater port Portuguese port of Lisbon which was protected by strong fortifications. Roman Catholics . England and Spain had tried to remain on good terms but a growing rivalry between them led to increased tensions. Although her small kingdom was threatened by grave internal divisions, Elizabeth's blend of shrewdness, courage, and majestic self-display inspired ardent expressions of loyalty and helped unify the nation against foreign enemies. This forced the Spanish fleet to travel into the dangerous waters off the Scottish and Irish coasts. With the seemingly imminent war between Spain only a matter of time, Elizabeth was determined to rid England of the enemy within. The Act of Supremacy The queen's reassertion of control over religious matters was achieved via the April 1559 CE Act of Supremacy, once more closing the door on the Pope. Another suitor for Elizabeth was Prince Eric of Sweden, later King Eric of Sweden. By instinct, Elizabeth was a J. They never met with the Duke of Parma and were forced to sail around the British Isles. Working for the British, Native American Manteo was placed in charge of the expedition by Sir Walter Raleigh. - navy to firth of Forth. What he meant by this was he had inflicted significant temporary damage on the Spanish Armada and it would regrow in time. The rest of the Spanish fleet was forced to sail away from the French coast and into the North Sea with the English fleet on their trail. Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the problem posed to Elizabeth I upon her accession arising from the question of legitimacy. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. -Elizabeth forced to impose strict penalties against Catholics (penal laws) which enforced religious settlement and protected England against Catholic influence. She's regarded as one of the greatest monarchs of England. Many of the rebel troops deserted while the two Earls fled to Scotland. Native American hostility occurred from the start, however. Overview of Elizabeth I / Henry himself gave people cause . The most important reason why Mary was a threat to Elizabeth's reign was the fact that Mary was Catholic. She was reluctant to execute Mary as she was Queen of Scotland and she believed in Divine Right that rulers were sent by God to govern their country. This interference greatly angered the Spanish and provoked the ire of many Catholics, who now no longer saw Elizabeth as a mediator of the status quo, but as an interfering, troublesome monarch. Naval support by the English proved to be more effective for the Dutch rebels and a fleet of English ships patrolled the Dutch coastline to prevent the Spanish from landing some of their forces by sea. The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis of April 1559 between Spain and France was meant to be the start of lasting peace between the two. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Therefore, France controlled the whole of the northern coastline and posed a major threat to England. This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. Northern Rebellion led by Earl of Westmorland. A war would have to involve invasion because after 1558 England had no possessions in mainland Europe (Calais had been lost in 1558). Elizabeth I is by many historians considered one of England's greatest ever monarchs, which heralded the 'golden age' in English history. In 1570, Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth, encouraging Catholics everywhere to rise up and depose the heretic queen. The English also had better tactics that were more effective. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: In 1568, the Queens Spymaster, Francis Walsingham used his spy network to prove that Mary had supported the Babington Plot. They began to revolt against the Spanish. This meant that England had suffered economically as they were not generating any income from Calais. As long as Mary was alive, the plots could always be deemed credible and many Catholics secretly wanted a return to Catholocism. Importantly too, at different points these plots were orchestrated or sponsored by the Pope and Spain and were dependent on the support of English Catholics to work, demonstrating the increasing Catholic threat to Elizabeth, internationally and domestically. Learning of the Spanish plans to build an Armada and invade England, Drakes mission was to try and stop this. Both could be serious threats to Elizabeths England. He also had a big empire in North and South America and by 1581, he had also become King of Portugal which gave him control of the important Atlantic port of Lisbon. From 1566 the Pope had instructed English Catholics to take part in recusancy, and by 1570 a Papal Bull had been issued excommunicating Elizabeth and stating that English Catholics had no need to have loyalty towards their Queen and instead should help overthrow her.

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