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I Am Niki Buroro Agbor Ekpe Jerome a holder of a professional Masters in Forestry and wildlife Engineering with focus on Protected Area Management, Masters of Science in Forest Governance and policies from University of Dschang and Professional Masters in Environmental Science (ESIA) university of Yaounde 1. [52] These atrocities angered the missionaries and European captains alike. [37] The items believed to have been taken include Ikpaya (woven raffia robe), Akata (throne) and Ayang (Broom). [69] The society is divided into five main grades such as Nkanda, Oku akama, Nyamkpe, Okpoho and Ebonko. Some other clothings introduced into the market include smit, brutanya, isadh and nkisi. Jeffreys states that a disruption among the Okobo around the town of Ekeya in the Eket district led to the founding of Obutong. Updates? [52] A number of people were hanged, shot and buried with the late chief according to the custom. [44][52] Aye uses Adiaha Etim Anwa's ballad as one of the basis for his hypothesis. AHR ~ 125 ekpe society cameroon - workex.jobs The earliest list of Efik traders is provided in Jean Barbot's manuscript which was later printed in 1732. Ekpe means leopard, not lion. Ukara: Ritual Cloth of the Ekpe Secret Society - YouTube An entire topic will be dedicated to discussing the Ekpe society and its legacy in the near future. AFRICA | 101 Last Tribes - Ekoi people Essentially the leopard is a sign of royalty all over Central West Africa and the Calabar zone, and it's a symbol of their political autonomy. Nsibidi is a body of ideographic, abstract, and gestural signs deployed by the Ekpe society as a form of coded communication. By the 18th and 19th centuries, the Efik strategy for filling the international demand for slaves was via obtaining slaves from inland slave traders such as Eniong, Ndokki and Arochukwu. A delegation of kp 'leopard' society initiates, as well as family members, traveled from Mamfe, Manyu Division of southwest Cameroon, to Yaound, the Cameroon capital to honor and reclaim the body of their leader and father, who had recently transited to the ancestors. Individual symbols may also have multiple meanings, rendering context important and interpretation inevitable in the "reading" of the body of represented signs. [12], The Efik were noted for their involvement in the slave trade were they acted as slave traders and middlemen between the inland slave traders and the Europeans. Ukara: Ritual Cloth of the Ekpe Secret Society | Hood Museum [54] The name "Agbisherea" (also known as Egbosherry) appended in the names of the two kings listed by Barbot, was the name of the country, on the coast of which they traded from. Sunjata's aunt, Tenenba Conde, childless herself, must raise the child Fakoli, son of Kosiya Kante, after Kosiya sacrifices herself for her brother's sake. Residents in Ekpe villages often go to the group to help them seek justice when theyve been wronged. [66] Simple theme. At least in the past, very large sums were paid to attain these upper levels. [68] The society is believed to have been introduced in Calabar from Usahadet. Two nations; one language, culture - Daily Trust Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the ancestors (ikan). [76] Palm wine is acquired by making an incision on the palm tree, a process known as "tapping". The group is gaining grounds as it seems to incessantly predict the total destruction of the planet earth. [47] At the time of their exit from Creek town, the reigning monarch of Creek town was their half brother Oku Atai Atai Ema Atai. [32] Aye argues that the Efik could not have taken the royal emblem of the Uruan people as they would have already had their own royal emblem. Probably about 8000 BC one group reached Nigeria by an overland route and settled at Ibom (Arochuku) there they erected the famous shrine now known as the Long Juju of Arochuku. [40] [14], The name "Efik" translates to "Oppressors" and is derived from the Efik-Ibibio verb root "Fik" (English: Oppress). Collection of Eli Bentor. Ekpe - Wikipedia JavaScript is disabled. [43] Stephen D. Behrendt and Eric J. Graham revealed in a 2003 publication that by the time the first documented European sailing vessel arrived in 1625, the Efik had already settled at Creek Town and Old Town. Powered by, Ukara cloth detail, Etara community, Cross River State, Nigeria, Cross River Cultural Heritage: reports from home and from the African Diaspora, Introduction: Spirit Dancers, Water Deities & Mystics in the Cross River Basin and in Cuba, Upcoming film project: Seven year kp ritual cycle, Ntufam Bob Oku literature, music and drawings, Calabar Mgb International Journal / Revista Internacional, Calabar-Cuba Radio with Ene Ita and Ivor Miller, Manyu kp Funeral Rites in Yaounde, 2019, Ivor Miller research archive at Amherst College, Manyu kp procession in Yaound, March 29, 2019, Poster for funeral of Seseku Stephen Tataw (1948-2019), Tortoise shell instrument is played in the funerary procession, kp mask purifies the hearse before the procession begins, Funerary shrine representing the sacred forest of kp, kp members surround the shrine for the final rites. . [53] Aphrom was a corruption of Ephraim which was an anglicised form of the Efik name Efiom. The presentation, by Ekpe members from Cameroon, Nigeria and Cuba was arranged by Chief Dr. Ivor Miller and coordinated by Sessekous Ojong-Orock, Joseph Mbu and Mbe Tazi. LEFT Ezillo man drawing a grid pattern to be filled with nsibidi designs, Ezillo, southeastern Nigeria. Alternate titles: Egbo, Ekpo, Leopard society. In a Somali tale, the main character, Eghal Shillet, is: a braggart and coward who finds every possible excuse to avoid going into battle. The persistence oftheAbakua society contradicts the official construction ofa Cuban national identity. Ekpe masquerade mimic the form of a lion or leopard moves. [72] Working with both kp and Abaku leaders, he has documented the foundation of the society in 19th . Archaeological evidence found that the group was extremely advanced in education for its time, and headed the construction of the Valley of the Kings. Iwewe is a type of boiled yam mashed with a small amount of palm oil and stirred with a spoon. ekpe society cameroonworld market toblerone. [17] Some oral accounts by early Efik men also support the Igbo origin of the Efik. [77] Women wore a number of brass rings on their legs and arms. Our newsletter gives you access to a curated selection of the most important stories daily. Ndibo Yevengo- Abakua & Ekpe events; Cuba-Calabar Radio . Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Each ukara is highly individualized and clearly produced to be worn by a specific Ekpe member or to mark a specific Ekpe lodge. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as kp lodges ruled local communities while also managing regional and long-distance trade. 16, 2014 3 likes 6,498 views Download Now Download to read offline Education Spiritual Technology A short description of the ancient Ekpe Masquerade and its cultural and spiritual significance, in the life of the people of the Cross River basin. [77] The fibre of the leaf-stalk of a palm was made into a thread and woven to make clothes and bags. The Ekpe is a secret society that lives mostly in Nigeria and whose members are typically law enforcers and politicians. One account narrates that the Mbiabo group left first to their present location while the Iboku, Enwang and other clans were still at Ndodoghi. The Efik people speak the Efik language, which is a BenueCongo language of the Cross River family. Ema Atai Ema Atai, Edidem, Biop sai." The paper critically examined the Ekpe society in its indigenous form and nature prior the advent of Christianity, Western education and Western influence. Black Spirituality / Religion - General Discussion, http://odinanilawsofnature.wordpress.com/2010/11/10/finding-god-in-nature/, http://tourismafricana.com/origin-history-ekpe-soceity.html. She said as a member of the Ekpe Society of the Efiks, she participates in the Ekpe activities. The Ekoi in Cameroon are found in the South Western region of the count. In the case of the latter, in the heat of the confusion, villagers would be kidnapped and sent to Calabar were they were sold. ekpe society cameroon - AllInsuranceInfo.org Aye provides the following names among these priest-kings including Ema Atai Iboku, Ekpe Atai Iboku, Ukpong Atai Iboku. The area from which the Sunjata Epic comes was historically: the geographical location of the great medieval African kingdoms - Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. Unblock notifications in browser settings. Imbued with transcendental aura, ukara conveys the sacrality and prestige of the Ekpe secret society. [51] The Enwang people who were fishing at Duke town saw the twins approaching and fled in terror saying "Mbiomo oduk ine"(English: A curse has befalling our fishing sites). [39] At Ndodoghi, the Efik priest-king Ema Atai Ema Atai died and was succeeded by his son Eyo Ema Atai Ema Atai Iboku. The Efik Language and Its Future. The Efik speak the Efik language which is a member of the BenueCongo subfamily of the Niger-Congo language group. [69] The Ekpe spirit cannot be seen by the uninitiated and is represented by Idem Iquo, a masquerade dressed in Esk, a multicoloured costume decorated with other traditional accoutrements. Origin Nsibidi symbols which are indigenous to Igbo, Ibibio, Efik, Annang and Ekoi/Ejagham members of the Ekpe society. Although used exclusively by members of Ekpe, ukara is produced by a sub-group in a village of the Ezillo community in present-day Ebonyi State in the Igbo area in southeastern Nigeria. Due to the rise of Calabar as a commercial centre since the 18th century, Efik settlements experienced a high rate of inward migration consisting of Sierra Leoneans, Lebanese, Cameroonians, Jamaicans and several other communities. Initiated into ekpe society at 9 as was done in those days and now not even a word is mentioned each time you talk about ekpe in manyu. society to its Caribbean incarnation, which has deeply influenced Cuba's creative energy and popular consciousness. The Social Significance and Implications of the Ekpe - PhilArchive Ekpe Efik was used as a government instrument in Bakassi in exercising authority for more than 200 years ago [4]. and Dahomean towns, and among the tribes of Congo and the Cameroon.17 According to the same author, Ngbe, was another society influenced by the Ekoi and originally considered Egb [Ekp]. PDF Traditional Societies and Pre-colonial Security System: Interrogating Black Spirituality Religion : - Ekpe Society | Destee - Black It is also used by the Igbo and Efik. These secret societies were used to uphold the legal decisions of the Council of Elders or of the community as a whole, they also ensured conformity in certain rituals and in social behaviour and undertook certain public works for the community (n.d.). The dress is often worn with ornaments such as necklaces and earrings made of coral beads. [33] Abasi's husband insisted that the problem should be resolved by the chiefs. Some of the musical instruments that are important in the culture we have discussed are: the bala (balaphon), a kind of xylophone, and the kora, a gourd harp. Written March 01, 2015 by Web Services Editor, Guarini School of Graduate & Advanced Studies, Copyright 2023 Trustees of Dartmouth College. When you see Ibibio do not give him fire(to warm himself), when he is dry he will kill you, Multiple Deaths at Ndodoghi creek, Ema Atai Ema Atai, Priest-king, lost his sight in death, Joshua Project Efik of Nigeria Ethnic People Profile, Souvenir Programme of the Coronation Service of His Royal Highness Edidem Boco Ene Mkpang Cobham V, Obong of Calabar and Paramount Ruler of the Efiks, Abridgement of the minutes of the evidence, "Souvenir programme of the Coronation of Edidem Boco Ene Mkpang Cobham V", "Cross river as a model for the evolution of Benue-Congo nominal class/concord systems", https://web.archive.org/web/20151222092842/http://sunnewsonline.com/new/pa-effiong-ukpong-aye-1918-2012/, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Efik_people&oldid=1131332439, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 January 2023, at 17:46. Charles Ekpo Arthur Jarvis University, Akpabuyo, Nigeria The Cross River region is a vast socio-cultural mosaic which accommodates peoples of distinct ethnic, religious, social, economic and. [44] Due to the number of unfortunate incidents at Ikpa Ene and Ndodoghi, the Efik sought to leave these islands. After the tapping process, the wine is left to ferment for five hours. [82] The Portuguese are said to have arrived in masted ships. PDF Hood MuseuM of Art, dArtMoutH College Several accounts have been narrated on the migration of the Efik before their arrival at Old Calabar. Goldie describes Eburutu as a country that consists of various ethnic groups. The Ekpe Society is a religious and cultural institution among the Efik people, it can also be found among the Annang and the Ibibios. The main proponents of what is described as "Palestinean origin" is Eyo Okon Akak who wrote the book, "The Palestine origin of the Efik". Ekpe masquerade [1], Its members are only men and are played on special occasion. Prior to 1905, Old Calabar was a term used to describe the Efik settlements of Duke Town, Creek Town, Old town, Cobham town, Henshaw town, Adiabo and Mbiabo (consisting of Mbiabo edere, Mbiabo Ikot Offiong and Mbiabo Ikoneto). For the surname, see, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Art and Life in Africa: Eket Information" University of Iowa, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekpe&oldid=1101939539, This page was last edited on 2 August 2022, at 15:27. expectations of the members to prioritize the group over their own families. Also i want bomb and shell. [71] Meals such as Iwewe were fed to children and old people with no teeth or fragile teeth. [37] A captured invader confessed that they were set to retrieve royal emblems which they believed the Efik had taken with them when they left Uruan. This material is believed to have been imported by the Portuguese (Oboriki). Read More mask Instead, each settlement had its own lodge of the initiation society called kp, or "leopard," which was the highest indigenous authority. Nsibidi: The Original Nigerian Writing Script - Culture (3) - Nigeria Select search scope, currently: catalog all catalog, articles, website, & more in one search; catalog books, media & more in the Stanford Libraries' collections; articles+ journal articles & other e-resources [64] It took several years before the town was rebuilt.[64]. PDF Symbolic values of clothing and textiles art in traditional and Sunjata's victory against Sumaworo comes in part because: Sumaworo loses the support of his nephew, Fakoli. The earliest accounts are narrated in the second half of the 19th century by Explorers and missionaries. A reconsideration of kp and Abaku suggests an agenda for the study of kp in diaspora from a different perspective. Social importance is attached to the highest ranks of Ekpe-men, called the Amama. It may not display this or other websites correctly. I'm a queer mom and my daughter has decided to attend an anti-gay Bible college. [1] The trade-off is that the Amama often control the majority of the community wealth. Ekpe could take life and could give it; it could condemn a whole town to a heavy fine and was promptly paid; it could punish offenders and could forgive; even kings and Obongs could never escape Ekpe laws and edicts.[69]. ________. Voice of the Leopard: African Secret Societies and Cuba - AfroCubaWeb In modern-day Efik society, nyny is worn on various occasions such as weddings and traditional events. After the Efik had settled at Ikpa Ene, a party of men from Uruan arrived at Ikpa Ene. Large amounts of pepper was also uncommon in Efik cuisines. While some explorers describe the Efik as travellers who past through the Ibibio country, others assert that the Efik are of Ibibio stock. The earliest documented letter to an English captain from a chief of Old Calabar was written in 1770. Efik Traditional Attires The Efik are an ethnic group - RefinedNG jamba juice turmeric smoothie recipe; sainsbury's locksbottom parking charges; ekpe society cameroon; June 11, 2022; small mortuary obituaries mobile, alabama .

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